Sunspot
activity on the surface of the Sun follows a well-known but little
understood 11 year cycle. Activity rises and falls creating the
so-called solar maximum and then solar minimum. During a solar maximum, the Sun is more powerful and is littered with sunspots.
Conversely when the Sun enters a solar minimum – which it did about two years ago - energy from our host star begins to lessen.
However,
one expert has warned that the Sun will enter a period of “hibernation”
this year, in what as known as a Grand Solar Minimum (GSM).
Prof
Valentina Zharkova, from the department of mathematics, physics and
electrical engineering at Northumbria University, warned this could
cause global temperatures to drop by one degrees Celsius.
While
that sounds like an insignificant drop, it could have major
ramifications for the planet, including a slow down in agricultural
production.
Weather warning: Earth could be hit by MINI ICE-AGE as Sun ‘hibernates’ (Image: GETTY)
The Sun has entered a period of low activity (Image: GETTY)
The expert added the Sun’s hibernation period could last for three decades, which will lead to wetter and colder summers.
Prof Zharkova told The Sun: “The Sun is approaching a hibernation period.
“Less
sunspots will be formed on the solar surface and thus less energy and
radiation will be emitted towards the planets and the Earth.”
“The reduction in temperature will result in cold weathers on Earth, wet and cold summers, cold and wet winters.”
“We will possibly get big frosts as is happening now in Canada where they see [temperatures] of -50C. READ MORE:Sunspots "will bring down temperatures for decades" says report
Earth could enter a period of prolonged cooling (Image: GETTY)
Temperatures could cool globally by 1C (Image: GETTY)
“During
this period, very few sunspots appeared on the surface of the Sun, and
the overall brightness of the Sun decreased slightly.
“Already in
the midst of a colder-than-average period called the Little Ice Age,
Europe and North America went into a deep freeze: alpine glaciers
extended over valley farmland; sea ice crept south from the Arctic; and
the famous canals in the Netherlands froze regularly—an event that is
rare today.”
During this period, temperatures in the Northern
Hemisphere on land and in the winter were reportedly 1.3C lower than
today leading to shorter seasons and ultimately food shortages in what
NASA described as a “little Ice Age”.
Prof Zharkova said: “We can only hope that the mini ice age will not be as severe as it was during the Maunder Minimum.
The poles are melting (Image: GETTY)
“This would
dramatically affect food harvests in middle latitudes, because the
vegetables and fruits will not have enough time for harvesting.
“So
it could lead to a food deficit for people and animals, as we seen in
the past couple of years when the snow in Spain and Greece in April and
May demolished they veggie fields, and the UK had a deficit of broccoli,
and other fruits and veggies.”
However, other experts disagree
with Prof Zharkova’s theory, stating any cooling effect will be “vastly
offset” by climate change.
Solar scientist Mathew Owens said: “Thus there will probably be no detectable effect on global climate.”
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